The Ultimate Question - 2520 Words

The Ultimate Questions First, let me start off my paper by giving thanks. I would like to thank you Lord for loving me enough that he thought I was worth saving and worth keeping. He gave his life for mine, if this wasn’t so my presences would not be here. He put in place a Church and its leaders that helped with my feedings of the words of God and as I listened my life began to change. My relationship with him grew personally as well as my spiritually again thank you. Being in this course the History of Ecclesiology and Polity, it has taught me many things about the difference in denominations of the church. In the Pauline letters Paul, who was a minister of Christ Jesus wanted us to know what was the structures and order of the Gentile†¦show more content†¦Paul refers to many church leaders as Thessalonica for their hard work in the Lord. He asks that they hold these leaders in the highest regard in love because of their work (Longenecker, R. N. 2002. p. 84). The overseers are those who serves the church as elders, bishops and deacons, â€Å"So Christ himself gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip his people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may be built up until we all reach unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God and become mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ† (Ephesians 4:11-13 NIV). There was no absence of organization i n the office of the church. So why are there so many denominations? Here are a few names of some denominations that many have choose to worship with. Some of us attend the Christian Non-denomination, Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist or Wesleyan, Protestant, Pentecostal or Charismatic, and Episcopalian or Anglican, Jehovah’s Witness and Mennonite a few that comes to mind. I am sure that there are more but I cannot think of them at this time. The denomination that has the largest membership size in the United States in today’s churches is the Catholic Churches. The Catholic Church is also part of the Christian Church community that is led by a Pope, the Rome Bishop or

Motivation Over Money - 838 Words

In the cultural stirring pot that is America, ethnicities are extremely diverse, sometimes causing tensions between the races. Some were wronged in the past while others were given help to succeed, and now it is the country’s desire to make life more equal. The way the government tries to do this is by putting in effect Affirmative Action. This policy gives preference to races that were historically harmed and therefore stunted in ability to make more of their lives now. These minorities are given first choice in places such as the workplace or in educational institutions in order to make them more culturally diverse. In the comparison of two opposing views on the issue, I agree with the view that does not condone Affirmative Action. I agree with the article â€Å"The Case against Affirmative Action,† written by Louis Pojman, for I believe the program is morally unjust. I understand the attempt it is making to make up for mistreatment in the past, but I don’t believe this type of opportunity compensation will solve the problem. By giving preference to ethnicities who were not given preference in the past, society must again lower a group’s worth, this time the majority group. We have learned from our past and do all we can to make society equal, and over time, by society’s behavior and mentality, the equality will exist fully. If the issue is about the previously excluded race not having the same opportunities, then I think we need to give them the chance to earn it. Even then,Show MoreRelatedSubjective Well-Being Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagespatterns and paradigms define the emotional responses to social influences. From an objective viewpoint, well-being is a state of consciousness that arises from a combination of internal and external factors, and money is an unstable external influence in defining subjective well-being. Money as a determinant for subjective well-being is influenced by several cultural influences. For example, Dittmar (2008) points out a study on UK and Croatian students that revealed more materialistic inclinationsRead MoreA Theory Of Motivation Is The Hawthorne Effect On The Workplace Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesAnother theory of motivation is the Hawthorne effect which was established by Henry A. Landsberger in the 1950s. The theory states that employees tend to work harder and give a better performance when they know they were being observed by their employers. Research has been conducted for this theory where they concluded that the employees were more motivated when they were receiving attention. In order to apply the Hawthorne effect to the workplace, studies suggests that the employer should provideRead MoreIs Remuneration The Sole Motivator?1477 Words   |  6 Pagesa department that provides many different methods of motivation for the employees. Many people have agree d on the fact that money does initially engage us but it isn’t enough to retain people or bring about an increased level of job satisfaction in them .A study by Tim judge and his colleagues provided that, ‘The authors reviewed 120 years of research to synthesize the findings from 92 quantitative studies. The combined dataset included over 15,000 individuals and 115 correlation coefficients. TheRead MoreEngstrom: Resistance to Change1093 Words   |  4 Pagesand the workers terrible attitudes must be adjusted because they are no longer engaged in their work, and their actions like delaying production are going to put them all out of work. Scanlon is no longer a solution to the companys challenges. Over time, productivity improvements are subject to the law of diminishing returns, and it requires that entirely new technologies are developed in order to see significant improvement. If that does not happen, the company will have difficulty sustainingRead MoreMotivation to Work Well Depends More Than High Wages and on Working Co1636 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation to Work Well Depends More Than High Wages and on Working Conditions 1) Discuss critically the validity of the contention that the motivation to work well depends on more than a high salary and good working conditions. This essay will define what motivation is, the influence and effect that money and good working conditions have on staff and the other factors and issues that motivate staff to work in the context of the workplace. In order to critically discuss and evaluate what motivatesRead MoreCompare Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivators1199 Words   |  5 PagesExtrinsic Motivation USP MBA Program - Presentation – Trimester 1 – 2011 by Group 8 Members Mukhtar Ahmed Nitesh Chandra ; Gabriel Pen ; Ateca C. Vakatora ; Devina R. Rao ; Salote Naulivou Objectives: To define motivation To define Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation To give examples of Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivations Identify the relationship between Intrinsic Extrinsic motivations using the theories that discuss the relationship and give examples. Conclusion Motivation What isRead MoreIs Remuneration The Sole Motivator?1473 Words   |  6 Pagesa department that provides many different methods of motivation for the employees. Many people have agreed on the fact that money does initially engage us but it isn’t enough to retain people or bring about an increased level of job satisfaction in them .A study by Tim judge and his colleagues provided that, ‘The authors reviewed 120 years of research to synthesize the findings from 92 quantitative studies. The combined dataset included over 15,000 individuals and 115 correlation coefficients. TheRead MoreThe Effect of Extrinsic Reward on Helping Behavior 1109 Words   |  5 Pagesbe focusing on whether intrinsic motivation and extrinsic reward will have effects on helping behavior. Do people help others out genuinely because of good nature and self-fulfillment or because of the presence of reward? If extrinsic reward will increase people willingness to help people, what kind of reward will h ave the greatest effect? Before discussing further, it is better to understand what is intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation means the reason someone engageRead MoreStudent Athletes and Academics1134 Words   |  5 Pages Academic Motivation of Student Athletes For decades there has been a debate on student athletes and their drive to succeed in the classroom. From the very beginning of organized college level athletics, the goal to want to succeed in athletics has forced students to put academics to the back burner. In spite of the goal to want to succeed over a hundred years of attempts to check limits of intercollegiate athletic programs on colleges academic standards still seems to struggle to this day. ThisRead MoreThe Best Way to Increase Work Motivation for an Organisation Is Through Financial Rewards. Discuss.1711 Words   |  7 Pageseffects of financial rewards on the work motivation of an organization and also whether or not this system of reward can cause an increase in the levels of work motivation already present in the organization. It furthermore aims to discuss weather Financial Rewards are the best way to increase the work motivation present. Although the essay shall primary be focused on Financial Rewards and Work Motiva tion, other factors that may have an effect on work motivation shall be discussed. For this purpose the

Invisible Man By Ellison Essay Example For Students

Invisible Man By Ellison Essay Life on the Strings Dolls. We are surrounded by dolls. G. I. Joe, Barbie, PollyPocket, and WWF action figures. Prior to our plasticene friends we had paperdolls, marionettes, and delicately featured porcelain dolls. We are strangelyfascinated by these cold, lifeless objects that look so much like ourselves. Children clutch them and create elaborate scenes, while adults are content tosimply collect, allowing them to sit, motionless on a shelf, staring coolly backat their live counterparts. Which brings us to and interesting point, are peoplesimply dolls for other people to play with or collect? One could make thearguement that we are all Tod Cliftons, doomed to dance by invisible stringswhile wearing a mask of individualism. However, unlike Tod Clifton, most of uswill not realize that who pulls the string, is not ourselves. Ralph Ellisonsnovel, The Invisible Man is fraught with images of dolls as if to constantlyreminded the reader that no one is in complete control of themselves. Our firstexample of doll imagery comes very early in the novel with the Battle Royalscene. The nude, blonde woman is described as having hair that was yellowlike that of a circus kewpie doll (19). Ellison draws a very strongconnection between the plight of the Negro man and the white woman. The factthat they ar e both shown as puppets or dolls in the work is no coincidence. Thewoman and the African are merely show pieces for the white men in the novel. TodCliftons dancing Sambo dolls are the most striking example of doll imagery. This small tissue paper doll has the capability to completely change theInvisible Man. When he sees that the powerful and enigmatic Clifton is the onehawking the abominable dolls, the narrator is so filled with humiliation andrage that he spits upon the dancing figure. But what is it that has caused thissurging of fury? It is Tod Clifton and not the narrator who has degraded himselfto such a base level. However, it is our narrators sudden comprehension of hisown situation that causes his wrath. The line For a second our eyes metand he gave me a contemptuous smile (433) illustrates this moment ofrealization for our narrator. It shows the reader that Tod Clifton was aware ofhis position as a puppet all along and chooses to enlighten the narrator at thisparticular point in the novel. The Invisible Man recognizes that all his lifehes been a slave and a puppet to others. Whether those others were Bledsoe, hisgrandfather, or the brotherhood is irrelevant, but there has always been andimper ceptible string attached to him governing everything he does. Not only astring but his own physical characteristics echo those of the grotesque Sambodolls. Its cardboard hands were clenched into fists. The fingers outlined inorange paint, and I noticed that it had two faces, one on either side of thedisks of cardboard, and both grinning. (446) Hands doubled into fists? This isthe brotherhood message in a nutshell, Strong, ready to fight for what onesupposedly believes in. Yet, at the same time these fists are controlledexclusively by the one holding the strings. And the black Sambo puppetblissfully unaware that he is merely a plaything. He smiles to the crowd andback to the puppeteer. It is the grin on the face of this doll that initiallyangers the Invisible Man. But why? Thinking back to the very start of the novelwe have the Grandfathers dying words to our narrator, overcome emwith yesses, undermine em with grins, agree em to death anddestruction (16). It would seem as though the Grandfather and TodClifton are in league with one another as they both have a firm grasp on whatpower men have over men. We get a powerful and disturbing image of this veryidea when the Invisible Man is in the factory hospital after the explosion. Itis a scene that seems to fade into the mishmash of confusion that accompaniesthis part of the novel, but it is nonetheless very important. As the narratorlies in his glass enclosed box with wires and electrodes attached all over hisbody, he is subjected to shock treatment. Look, hes dancing,someone called. No, really? They really do have rhythm,dont they? Get hot, boy! Get hot! it said with a laugh. (237) This imageis almost a perfect match with that of Cliftons dancing Sambo doll. The onlything missing is the huge grin and even that is taken care of with the line,My teeth chattered (237) giving us the picture of a grotesque andpained smile. He experiences a burst of anger which I can only assume means thathe catches a glimpse of the st rings that he is being pulled by and is helplessto do anything about it. Our final encounter with a doll occurs again withCliftons dancing Sambo. At the end of the narrative, while escaping the hell ofthe Harlem riots, the Invisible Man stumbles upon an open manhole and the gloombelow. While trying to keep warm and get a good look at the place he in, hebegins to burn the various objects in his briefcase. When he comes to the flimsytissue-paper doll he finds that it will not burn. He remarks it burned sostubbornly that I reached inside the case for something else. (568) Thedolls difficulty in burning is symbolic of the fact that we, as men , willnever fully be able to break free from our puppet-like imprisonment. Ellisonsnarrator can be found in each and every human being. We live our livesattempting to be independent and free thinking individuals, but there willalways be the strings that bind us to someone who controls our destiny. Even theInvisible Man has his turn at being a puppe teer, as we all do, with Mr. Nortonat the train station when he calmly states, Im your destiny. (578)Do we know who we control? Do we know who controls us? The answer the InvisibleMan might give: Maybe.

Rogue Waves an Example by

Rogue Waves A killer wave, known to mariners as a "rogue wave," was approaching a desolate area of Baja California below Ensenada. It had been born off the east coast of Australia during a violent storm; it had traveled almost 7,000 miles at a speed of 20.83 miles an hour. Driven by an unusual pattern of easterly winds, it was a little over 800 feet in length and measure about 48 feet from the bottom of it trough to its crest. On its passage of the Pacific, it had already killed thirteen people, mostly fishermen in small boats, but also an entire French family of five aboard a 48-foot schooner... Need essay sample on "Rogue Waves" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed - Theodore Taylor, Rogue Wave: And Other Red-Blooded Sea Stories (1996) Students Usually Tell EssayLab professionals:How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online?Essay writers advise:Essay Company Professional Essay Writers For Hire Pay Someone To Write Paper Cheapest Essay Writing Service For that matter, the Tamaroa herself, at 205 feet, is not necessarily immune to disaster. One freak wave could roll her over and put eighty men in the water. - Sebastian Junger, The Perfect Storm : A True Story of Men Against the Sea (1997) In February 1933, the U.S. Navy steamship Ramapo was traveling to Manila from San Diego when it experienced a severe storm. Gale-force winds raged for several days, 50-foot swells brewed in the North Pacific. It was in these circumstances that the ship encountered one truly enormous upsurge of water. The officer on watch triangulated the monster wave and calculated its height at 112 feet equivalent to a ten-story building. It is still the biggest wave ever reliably measured. It is called a rogue wave. Rogue waves are monstrous waves of drastically larger dimension than the surrounding swell. They are defined as large amplitude waves whose heights exceed two times the significant wave height of the background sea. (Significant wave height or SWH is defined as the mean of the largest third of waves in a wave record.) According to naval hydrography terminology, waves 15 to 25 feet high are called sneaker waves, and waves100 feet high or over are classified as freak waves or rogue waves. They are likely to occur where a swell encounters a current that is moving in a curved path, or an eddy at it is called (Environmental Literacy Council, 2006, para 2). Rogue waves are also caused by the accidental meeting of two or more relatively smaller waves. Open-ocean swells travel in wave trains and even in the same wave train, individual swell heights can differ. But when wave trains from different storms meet in the open ocean or in areas where there are strong currents, individual waves can combine their energy to form a surprisingly massive wall of water, which is known as a rogue wave. Thus a rogue wave is seen to be originating in a rare confluence of crests (Garrison, 2005, p.239). However, it is not clear how a simple superposition of waves, resulting in constructive interference, can result in waves of such gargantuan size, which moreover seem to occur not too infrequently. Rogue waves represent a transient ocean phenomenon that usually occurs in the deep interior of the ocean, and plays out on relatively small surface areas in the vast ocean expanse. Though usually associated with storms, sometimes these rogue waves can arise out of nowhere in only mildly agitated ocean waters and disappear just as quickly, usually creating havoc if some ships happen to be traversing in their path. Even huge and robust vessels are known to be no match to the fury of ocean as manifest in rogue waves. Though mariners have always been aware of the 'freak' wave phenomenon, owing to lack of any reliable empirical data, these waves could not be predicted or quantified, and so could not be taken into account during the design process of a ship (Rawson & Tupper, 2001, p. 174) New ships are designed on the basis of previously successful models which have withstood very abnormal conditions, but most vessels that are built even today are simply not designed to weather the assault of a colossal rogue wave. Rogue waves have for long remained the dreaded stuff of legends. Until well into the twentieth century, there was only sparse anecdotal evidence for these towering infernos of the sea, and scientists tended to classify the tales surrounding the monstrous waves as sea mythology that dealt with sea monsters, mermaids and so on. It was generally known that in any wave system, after a long enough time, an exceptionally high wave would occur. Nevertheless statistical models of sea states which have been used to predict the occurrence of extreme waves either concluded that waves over a hundred feet to be either a physical impossibility or as something which could occur only once in a thousand years (Schober, 2004, p.194). However, several instances of hard evidence, improved mathematical theory, and satellite survey data in the more recent times have all now converged to prove the existence of the monstrous waves beyond a tinge of doubt. Nowadays they are acknowledged to be a natural pheno menon of the ocean, just as tsunamis and mega-tsunamis are, though their causes and characteristics are different. The freak waves are no longer regarded as freaks really. Even so, the rogue waves are considered very rare, and rather elusive; improbable but still possible.. Rogue waves are definitely anomalous events in the sense that they fall outside the distribution of wave heights predicted by orthodox wave theory. Yet they are no longer thought of as unexplained quirks of nature, though scientists still very much a lack an adequate understanding of them, especially of their underlying causes. Scientific and mathematical advances in the recent years and decades, however, have led oceanographers to calculate their probability of occurrence, with the help by extensive wave data from buoys, ships and satellites. It is still not possible to predict their exact time of occurrence, though. Mathematical models are now able to predict where they are likely to form in general, although the exact location cannot be pinpointed. The problem with understanding the rogue wave phenomenon is the highly complex non-linear mathematics that underpins it. The occurrence of rogue waves takes place in what is mathematically called a chaotic regime. According to the newly emerging science of chaos, some small perturbation in local conditions could crescendo into a disproportionately huge effect. But rogue waves are gradually becoming more understood. The Benjamin-Feir instability and nonlinear focusing have been proposed as a mechanism for the generation of rouge waves in deep water. Also, certain homoclinic solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation have been observed to exhibit many of the properties of rogue waves in deep water (Schober, 2003, p.735). A deeper understanding of the mechanism by which rogue waves are formed is likely to help us narrow down our predictions about them, and thus save many lives. More extensive studies and investigations into rogue waves are not only essential for a better theoretical understanding of the dynamics of ocean but also to avoid a good deal of the huge losses to life and property that routinely occur in the seas. On average, it is estimated that approximately two large ships sink at sea every week and rogue waves have been the purported cause behind a fair number of these sinkings. Though there may certainly be other causes behind the many mysterious ship losses, scientific analysis of the wrecks of ships sunk in recent decades indicates that a significant proportion of them have a damage pattern that seemed to suggest the hand of monster waves which can swell over a hundred feet. The sinking of many a supertanker in the latter part of the twentieth century has also been associated with rogue waves. In addition, there is some evidence that average wave heights are slowly rising and that freak waves of eighty or ninety feet are becoming more common. This trend is attributed to the intensification of the greenhouse effect which has made storms more frequent and severe. As a consequence, stresses on ships have been increasing along with the need to understand, predict and prepare for these monst ers of the sea. References: Environmental Literacy Council. (2006). Rogue Waves. Retrieved 22 October 2006 Garrison, T. S. (2005). Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science. Belmont, CA : Thomson Brooks/Cole Junger, S. (1997). The Perfect Storm : A True Story of Men Against the Sea. p. 194. New York : HarperCollins Publishers Rawson, K. J. Tupper, E. C. (2001) Basic Ship Theory. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann Schober, C.M. (2003). Nonlinear Focusing and Rogue Waves in Deep Water. In, Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation Waves, ed. P. Neittaanmaki, G. C. Cohen. New York : Springer-Verlag Schober, C.M. (2004). Rogue Waves and the Benjamin-Feir Instability. In, Dynamics And Bifurcation Of Patterns In Dissipative Systems, ed. G. Dangelmayr, I. Oprea. Danvers, MA : World Scientific Publishing Co. Taylor, T. (1996). Rogue Wave: And Other Red-Blooded Sea Stories. p.3. Orlando, FL : Harcourt Brace & Company

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Fun Movie Titles in Japanese and English

Fun Movie Titles in Japanese and English The Japanese enjoy movies, eiga (æ˜  Ã§â€ »), very much. Unfortunately, it is a little bit expensive to see movies at the theater. It costs ~1800 yen for adults. Houga (é‚ ¦Ã§â€ ») are Japanese movies and youga (æ ´â€¹Ã§â€ ») are western movies. The famous Hollywood movie stars are popular in Japan as well. Girls love Reonarudo Dikapurio (Leonard Dicaprio) or Braddo Pitto (Brad Pitt), and they want to be like Juria Robaatsu (Julia Roberts). Their names are pronounced in a Japanese style because there are some English sounds that dont exist in Japanese (e.g. l, r, w). These foreign names are written in katakana. If you have ever had a chance to watch Japanese TV, you might be surprised to see these actors quite often in TV commercials, something you will almost never see in North America.   Japanese Movie Translations Some youga titles are literally translated like Eden no higashi (East of Eden) and Toubousha (The Fugitive). Some use English words as they are, though the pronunciation is slightly changed to the Japanese pronunciation. Rokkii (Rocky), Faago (Fargo), and Taitanikku (Titanic) are just a few examples. These titles are written in katakana because they are English words. This type of translation seems to be on the increase. This is because borrowed English is everywhere and the Japanese are likely to know more English words than before. The Japanese title of Youve got mail is Yuu gotta meeru (You got mail), using English words. With the rapid growth of personal computer and email use, this phrase is familiar to the Japanese as well. However, there is a slight difference between these two titles. Why have is missing from the Japanese title? Unlike English, Japanese has no present perfect tense. (I have got, You have read etc.) There are only two tenses in Japanese: present and past. Therefore present perfect tense is not familiar and confusing to the Japanese, even to those who know English. Thats probably why have is taken away from the Japanese title. Using English words is an easy way to translate, but it is not always possible. After all, they are different languages and have different cultural backgrounds. When titles are translated into Japanese, they are sometimes turned into totally different ones. These translations are clever, funny, strange, or confusing. The word used most often in the translated movie titles is probably ai(æ„›) or koi (æ â€¹), which both mean love. Click this link to learn about the difference between ai and koi. Below are the titles including these words. Japanese titles first, then original English titles. Titles Japanese titles(Literal English translations) English titles Ai ga kowareru toki(When love is broken) Sleeping with the Enemy Ai ni mayotta toki (When lost in love) Something to Talk About Ai no sentaku(The choice of love) Dying Young Ai to iu na no giwaku(The suspicion named love) Final Analysis Ai to kanashimi no hate(The end of love and sorrow) Out of Africa Ai to seishun no tabidachi(The departure of love and youth) An Officer and A Gentleman Ai to shi no aida de(In between love and death) Dead Again Ai wa shizukesa no naka ni(Love is in the silence) Children of a Lesser God Eien no ai ni ikite(Living in the lasting love) Shadow Lands Koi ni ochitara(When falling in love) Mad Dog and Glory Koi no yukue(The place love has gone) The Fabulous Baker Boys Renai shousetsuka(A romance novel writer) As Good As It Gets The funny thing is there is no word love in all these English titles. Does love attract more attentions to the Japanese? Whether you like it or not, you cant ignore the Zero Zero Seven (007) series. They are popular in Japan as well. Did you know that in the 1967s You Only Live Twice, Jeimusu Bondo (James Bond) went to Japan? There were two Japanese Bond girls and the Bond car was a Toyota 2000 GT. The Japanese title of this series is Zero zero sebun wa nido shinu (007 dies twice), which is slightly different from the original title You Only Live Twice. It is amazing that it was shot in Japan in 60s. The views of Japan are not quiet right sometimes, however, you could almost enjoy it as a comedy. In fact, a few scenes were parodied in Oosutin Pawaazu (Austin Powers). We have had the lesson about yoji-jukugo (four character kanji compounds). Kiki-ippatsu (Ã¥  ±Ã¦ ©Å¸Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã© « ª) is one of them. It means in the nick of time and is written as below (see #1). Because 007 always escapes from danger at the last moment, this expression was used in the description for 007 movies. When it is written, one of the kanji characters (patsu é « ª) is replaced witha different kanji character (ç™ º) that has the same pronunciation (see #2). These phrases are both pronounced as kiki-ippatsu. However, the kanji patsu é « ª of #1 means hair which comes from to hang by hair, and #2 ç™ º means a shot from a gun. Phrase #2 was made up as a parodied word that has two meanings in botits reading and writing (007 escapes in the nick of time with his gun). Because of the movies popularity, some Japanese miswrite it as #2. (1)Ã¥  ±Ã¦ ©Å¸Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã© « ª(2)Ã¥  ±Ã¦ ©Å¸Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§â„¢ º

PROPERTY ECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PROPERTY ECONOMICS - Essay Example The report establishes that there a number of micro and macro economic factors strongly account for rental volatility in the non-residential property market. These factors ranged from changes in the demand and supply for commercial property, the level of industrialization, interest rates, and government policy on economic and regional development. This report about rental volatility in the commercial property market is divided into four sections. The first section would look at the cyclical movements in rental volatility, resulting from the interaction of the micro and macro economics factors, as well as government policy on economic and regional development. The second section would make an investigative view on why this rental volatility has witnessed marked variations on a regional basis. Then the third section would give an outline of the extent to which government planning has influenced rental volatility in the commercial property market. Subsequently, the role of government and council reforms in determining the frequency and extent of rental volatility would be examined in the fourth section. Finally, there would be a section for conclusion on the trend of rental volatility in the commercial property market. Ball et al (2002) hold that the commercial property markets consist of thousands of parcels of l... This makes it difficult for a property to be a perfect substitute of the other. In the context of property economics, Jackson and Watkins (2007) opine that rent refers to the price mechanism that balances the demand and supply property to achieve equilibrium in four interlinked markets: the user market, the development market, the financial asset market, and the land market. The volatility cycle would now be viewed in the above ways. They further argue that in the user market, the payments a firm makes in order to use a given amount of commercial property for a particular time period is called building rent. It acts as the key signal to agents active in the market, and, through its rises and falls, clears these markets by equating the quantity supplied with that demanded. According to Ball et al (2002), rent volatility in the property market can best be explained using the DiPasquale and Wheaton framework. The equation, according to Dobson and Goddard (1992), maintains that property rents are a function of industrial investment in leasing or buying or new property, the floor space and geographical location. This means that the higher the rate of industrial investment, the higher would be the demand for commercial property. This would certainly drive up the price of property without any certainty in the supply. A look at the demand and supply curve would help clarify this scenario. Market forces on the demand and supply of property Price D1 D2 S P2 P1 Q1 Q2 Property demanded/supplied For instance, the above diagram shows a typical situation in an increase in the demand for property. In the diagram, there is